Apparatus for hardening and tempering card-teeth.



PATENTED NOV. 5 1907.

.A. G. HERMAN.

' APPARATUS FOR HARDENING AND TEMPER-ING CARD TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9. 1906.

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ANTOINE GOTTFRIED HERMAN, OF AIX-LA-OHAPELLE, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING AND TEMPERING CARD-TEETH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1907.

Application filed November 9.1906- Serial No. 342,745.

To all whom it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, ANTOINE GOTTFRIED HERMAN, a subject of the Emperorof Germany, residing at Aixla-Ghapelle, Germany, have invented ImprovedApparatus for Hardening and Tempering Card-Teeth, of which the followingis a specification.

It has heretofore been usual to harden card teeth by heating the pointsin a gas flame or by an electric current and then immediately andcompletely chilling themby a cooling liquid or by a blast of air or gas.Chilling by a cooling liquid in this manner produces points as hard asglass and consequently the points easily break off in use and ingrinding down produce sparks that, especially where cotton is beingworked, incur the danger of fire.

With careful adjustment it is perhaps true that chilling by a blast ofair or gas may produce tough and hard teeth but this can only beeffected in conjunction with electrical heating as a blast of air or gaswould act detrimentally upon a heating flame. Electrical heating ishowever much more expensive in practice than heating by a flame so thatthe general adoption of this method of chilling is thereby hindered.

The object of this invention is to enable card teeth to be made of thedesired toughness and hardness in a manner which can be readilyregulated. For this purpose the heated card teeth are chilled twice andin such a way that a so-called tempering takes place after the firstshort preliminary chilling whereby the glass hardness produced by thefirst chilling is somewhat lessened and the teeth after the secondchilling are of a very suitable temper. The reaction that takes place issimilar to that which takes place in the usual method of hardeningchisels, drills and other steel tools.

According to the interval of time between the first and second chillingso is the tempering weak or strong and in this Way the teeth arerendered more brittle or tough as desired.

Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are sections illustratinghardening apparatus according to this invention. Fig. 3 is a partialside elevation'of parts shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. l the heating is effected by a gas flame and in Fig. 2 theheating is effected electrically.

The apparatus consists of a heater (1 or a, preliminary chilling jets bor b adjustable final chilling jet 0 Ora guide surface d, feed roller e,and the necessary shafts, bearings, and connecting mechanism.

In Fig. 1 the heater comprises a burner a fed with a mixture of gas andair by a supply pipe a and the mouth of which is adapted to direct theheating flame in an upward direction. The chilling jet b is arrangedbelow the heater a, is fed with cooling medium by a pipe b and is fixedon a screw b which is secured to a fixed bracket f. The final chillingjet 0 is arranged below the jet b and its position in relation to thejet b is adjustable for which purpose the jet c is fixed to a slottedplate 0 which is fixed to the bracketf by means of a screw 9 the head ofwhich bears on the plate when the screw is tightened, so as to securethe jet 0 in position after adjustment. 0 is the cooling medium sup--ply pipefor the jet c.

The guide surface :1 and a guide channel d are formed in one with abearing h for the feed roller spindle e The bearing h and bracket f arefixed to a common base 7 so that the relative positions of the parts aremaintained.

As indicated by the arrows the feed roller e is rotated in suchdirection as to bring the card teeth successively under the action ofthe heater a, jet b and jet 0 at a constant uniform speed.

In Fig. 2 the heater a comprises a carbon electrode adjustably securedto the bracket f by a set screw it and connected to one terminal of asuitable source of electricity; and a metallic plate electrode mconnected to the other pole of the source of electricity and arrangedbetween the card clothing and the guide 01, a layer n of insulatingmaterial being interposed between the plate and guide. The other partsare arranged as in the first described arrangement. 7

The chilling jets b and c are so constructed that the cooling liquidemerges in a fine and completely uniform layer. Instead of coolingliquid a pasty or plastic mass, for example a mixture of water andgraphite or of water and clay may be employed.

The card points are heated to incandescence for a length of about onemillimeter from their outer ends by the flame of the burner 11, Fig. l,or electrically, Fig. 2, after which they are chilled by the preliminaryjet b or b for a length of one half to three quarters of a millimeter,so that after leaving the preliminary jet the teeth still retainsufiicient heat to temper the chilled piece. When the teeth pointstempered to the desired degree enter the path of the final chilling jet0 or 0 a second and almost complete chilling takes place, the teethretaining only sufficient heat to vaporize the adhering particles ofliquid.

As the distance between the final chilling jet and the preliminarychilling jet is increased the greater is the tempering down of the cardpoints and the softer yet tougher they become. The degree of hardness ortemper of the card teeth may therefore be easily regulated as desired byadj usting the distance between the :two chilling jets.

What I claim is 1. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teethcomprising a heater, a preliminary cooling device, and a final coolingdevice, substantially as set forth:

2. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprisinga heater,a preliminary cooling device, and a final cooling device adjustablerelatively to said preliminary cooling, device substantially as setforth.

3. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth,

comprising a heater, a preliminary cooling device, a final coolingdevice and means for successively conveying card teeth under theinfluence of said heater, said preliminary cooling device and said finalcooling device, substantially as set forth. v

4. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising a heater,a preliminary cooling device, a final cooling device, adjustablerelatively to said preliminary cooling device, and means forsuccessively conveying card teeth under the influence of said heater,said preliminary cooling device and said final cooling device,substantially as set forth.

5.- Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising meansfor heating the points of card teeth, a device arranged near to saidheating means adapted to chiil the heated card teeth, a second coolingdevice, and means for successively conveying card teeth under theinfluence of said heating means, said first cooling device and saidsecond cooling device, substantially as set forth.

6. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising means forheating the points of card teeth, a device arranged near to said heatingmeans adapted to chill the heated card teeth, a second cooling deviceadjustable relatively to said first cooling device, and means forsuccessively conveying card teeth under the influence of said heatingmeans, said first cooling device and said second cooling device,substantially as set forth.

7. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising means forheating the points of card teeth, a nozzle arranged near said heatingmeans adapted to deliver a jet of cooling medium onto the heated cardteeth, a second similar cooling nozzle adjustable towards and away fromsaid first cooling nozzle, and means for successively conveying cardteeth under the influence of said heating means, the cooling jet fromsaid first nozzle and the cooling jet from said second nozzle,substantially as set forth.

8. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising a gasburner the flame of which is adapted to heat card teeth, a preliminarycooling device, a final cooling device adjustable relatively to saidpreliminary cooling device and means for successively conveying cardteeth under the influence of said heater, said preliminary coolingdevice and said final cooling device, substantially as set forth.

9. Apparatus for-hardening and tempering card teeth comprising a gasburner the flame of which is adapted-t0 heat card teeth, a nozzlearranged near said burner, adapted to deliver a jet of cooling mediumonto the heated card teeth, a second similar cooling nozzle adjustabletowards and away from said first cooling nozzle and means forsuccessively conveying card teeth under the influence of a flame fromsaid burner, the cooling jet from said first nozzle and the cooling jetfrom said second nozzle, substantially as set forth.

10. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising a guideover which card clothing may be passed, means facing said guide adaptedto heat the teeth of card clothing on said guide, a device arranged nearto said heating means adapted to chill the heatedcard teeth, a secondcooling device adjustable relatively to said cooling device and meansfor drawing card clothing over said guide to bring the card teethsuccessively under the influence of said heating means, said firstcooling device and said second cooling device, substantially as setforth. I

11. Apparatus for hardening and tempering card teeth comprising meansfor heating the outer end.portions of card teeth, a preliminary chillingdevice arranged near to said'heating means adapted to chill the outerend portions of the heated card teeth for a length less than that heatedby said heating means, and a second device adapted to completely chillthe heated and partly chilled card teeth adjustable relatively to saidpreliminary chilling'device, substantially as set forth.

Signed at Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany this 18th day of October 1906.

ANTOINE GOTTFRIED HERMAN.

Witnesses HENRY QUADFLIEG,

ELInsE KALBUSCH.

